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Use of Articles (a, an, the)🔹 1. Indefinite Articles: “a” and “an”•We use a before words that begin with a consonant sound.✅ Example: a cat, a dog, a house, a university (because “university” starts with the /juː/ sound).•We use an before words that begin with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).✅ Example: an apple, an egg, an orange, an hour (silent h).💡 Tip: Focus on the sound, not just the first letter.•a uniform (starts with “y” sound /juː/)•an umbrella (starts with vowel sound /ʌ/).⸻🔹 2. Definite Article: “the”We use “the” to talk about specific or unique things.•When the listener/reader knows what we mean.✅ Example: The book on the table is mine.•For things that are one of a kind.✅ Example: the sun, the moon, the earth.•For superlatives.✅ Example: the best student, the tallest building.•With rivers, seas, oceans, and mountain ranges.✅ Example: the Nile, the Atlantic Ocean, the Himalayas.⸻🔹 3. No Article (Zero Article)Sometimes we use no article at all:•With plural nouns when speaking in general.✅ Example: Cats are friendly.•With uncountable nouns when speaking in general.✅ Example: Milk is good for you.•With names of people, countries, cities, languages.✅ Example: Ali lives in London. He speaks English.⸻✨ Quick Practice1.I saw ___ elephant at the zoo.2.We went to ___ park near my house.3.___ Mount Everest is the highest mountain.4.She wants to buy ___ orange.5.___ dogs are loyal animals.
✍️ Subject–Verb Agreement (Common Grammar Mistake)The verb must match the subject in number (singular or plural).✅ Singular subject → singular verb•❌ He run ✅ He runs•❌ She like tea ✅ She likes tea•❌ The cat sleep ✅ The cat sleeps✅ Plural subject → plural verb•❌ They runs ✅ They run•❌ We likes tea ✅ We like tea•❌ The cats sleeps ✅ The cats sleep👉 Rule of thumb: Add -s to the verb when the subject is he, she, or it.
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